在职申硕学位英语指南之辨别改错(四)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 10:23:27
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网


四、非谓语动词常见错误设置及答题思路

[常见错误]
来源:考
  1.该用不定式作宾语而错用了动名词, 或反之。
  2.该用不定式完成式而错用了一般式。 
  3.该用不定式或动名词被动态而错用了主动态。
  4.该用过去分词而错用了现在分词。
  5.分词放在句首时, 其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致, 构成垂悬分词的错误。

例句:
  Not too many (A) years ago (B) , my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) .
(答案:C to be seen, 与she是受动关系)
  You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D) .
(答案:D being challenged, enjoy要求动名词作宾语)
  When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C) all traffic (D) .
(答案:A carrying, 与逻辑主语car为施动关系, 即"车载着…")
  People cannot but (A) feel puzzling (B) , for they simply cannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake.
(答案:B puzzled, 过去分词表示承受动作后所处的状态)
  Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A) his secretary for (B) the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault.
(答案:A having blamed, 此处regret要求接动名词, 其完成式表明blame发生在regret之前)
  When I consider how talented he is (A) as a painter (B) , I cannot help but believing (C) that the public (D) will appreciate his gift.
(答案:C believe, 习惯用法cannot help but do)
  The bank is reported (A) in the (B) local newspaper to be robbed (C) in broad (D) daylight yesterday.
(答案:C to have been robbed, yesterday是修饰不定式的, 用完成式表示动作已发生)
  Using (A) English as a tool, some data (B) may be collected (C) for (D) the research work.
(答案:A 可以考虑改为If we use, 全句最好改为If we use English as a tool, we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主语data不可能作分词using的逻辑主语)

[辨错思路]

  1.首先要分辨动词的谓语形式与非谓语形式。如果题句中有两个动词形式划有横线, 考生要分析句子的结构和语义, 判断出哪个是谓语, 哪个是非谓语, 因为一个简单句或分句中不可能出现两个彼此间无连词连接的谓语。
来源:考
  2.在判定某个动词形式应为非谓语后, 要辨别其应当是不定式, 还是-ing形式或-ed分词。

  3.在确定某一非谓语形式后, 还要审查其时态语态是否有误;一般说来, 已经发生了的动作用完成式, 与逻辑主语的关系是受动, 用被动态或过去分词。

  4.注意非谓语动词的否定式是将否定词置于非谓语动词之前;据此判断否定词的位置是否有误。

  5.观察分析句中的时间状语是修饰谓语动词, 还是修饰非谓语动词, 如果是后者, 辨其时态是否有误。

  6.不定式和分词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语, 否则不定式的逻辑主语应视情况用for, of引导, 分词应有自己的逻辑主语, 据此判断是否存在垂悬分词的错误。

[改错要领]

  1.注意动词的不同接续要求。下列动词要求接不定式作宾语:
afford, agree, attempt, decide, fail, manage, expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, refuse, tend, pretend, ask, claim, offer, determine, arrange.

  2.熟记下列动词要求接动名词作宾语:
acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, hate, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favour, finish, include, resent, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, stand, risk.

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