英语语法的考查重点四

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 15:25:53
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网



  四、状语从句
  状语从句也是四级词汇和句法部分考查的重点之一,95年至2000年6月共设考题20题,占10%强。就状语从句而言,主要是根据主从句的关系判断连词的使用。因此,在准备状语从句时,主要任务是弄清楚各种状语从句的连词。
  1.时间状语从句的连词
  表示时间的连词有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as,有些名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句,如the moment, the instant, each time,有些是固定句型如:no sooner … than hardly/scarcely …when.在这些连词的使用中应注意
  ① as强调同时,也表示“一边……,一边……”,while表示主句动作发生在从句的过程之中,要求从句谓语动词为状态动词或持续性动词,when的使用则比较简单,相当于汉语的“当……时候”。如:
  Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.
  A.when B.since C.before D.after (1996.1)
  四个选项都表示时间,但根据主从句间的关系可以判断答案 为A.
  ② 注意when的特殊句型
  下列句型中when连接的不是时间状语从句,但考试中却常与其它时间状语从句的连词一块出题。
  were/was doing something when …
  were/was about to do something when …
  had just done something when …
  四级考题中不乏对上述结构的考查,如:
  I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ___ I heard voices.
  A.as B.when C.after D.while (1997.6)
  I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave ___ something occurred which attracted my attention.
  A.unless B.until C.when D.while (1996.1)
  这类考题比较简单,只要同学们清楚这一句型,答案则自然可得。
  ③ 注意no sooner … than …。和hardly/scarcely …when句中的时态。
  ④ 注意not … until 中时间状语可以提前。如
  ____ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
  A.Before B.Until C.From D.Since (1995.6)
  但只要同学们能够辨认not … until 的句法结构,答案也就显而易见。
  比较常见的提前方式是将not until…。提至句首,后面用肯定形式,主谓倒装。本题可以改成,Not until quite recently did most mothers in Britain take paid work outside the home.这时,句子采用主谓倒装结构,应注意。
  ⑤ 在对名词短语做连词引导时间状语从句时,常与名词构成的其它短语相区别。如:
  You see the lightening ___ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
  A.the instant B.for an instant C.on the instant D.in an instant
  (1997.1)
  能够引导时间状语从句的是名词the instant,而不是由其构成的介词短语。
  ⑥ 注意含有时间状语从句的固定句型,如It wont be long before … 和It is …since两类句型。It wont be long before可以有三个变体,即:It was (not) 一段时间 before,It wont be 一段时间 before.如95年6月就有对此的考查:
  Scientists say it may be five or ten years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
  A.since B.before C.after D.when
  2.原因状语从句的连词
  原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, now that, considering that, seeing that连接。对于表原因连词本身的区别考查相对较少,主要是与其它状语从句连词的对比。如:
  ① ____ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.(1999.6)
  A.For B.Since C.Before D.While
  ② ____ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.(1997.6)
  A.For B.Now C.Since D.Despite
  1) 从以上两题可以看出,首先,同学们要根据主从句的语意关系,确定是什么状语从句,然后在进行选择。
  2) 注意连词的结构,如2)为Now that的搭配。
  3) 注意for, because, since/as的区别。一般说来,for不表示原因,其所连接的是并列句,是一种解释说明,尤其是当用结果来反证原因时。如:
  He must have experienced something very unpleasant, for he looks so upset.
  You must try to rid yourself of your carelessness, for it often leads to errors.
  4) 注意引导原因状语从句的还可以是considering/seeing that,其用法与since/as相同。如:
  Considering that he is only a beginner, it is understandable for him to make such mistakes.
  Seeing that you have come, you may as well stay here for a few days.
  3.条件状语从句的连词
  涉及到条件状语从句的考查题很多,如时态,虚拟语气等。但从状语从句的概念来讲,这里我们所说的是条件状语从句性质的判断和连词的选择。要求同学们首先能理解主从句之间的关系,确定是条件状语从句,然后在根据各连词的特点进行选择。如:
  ① I am sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it.(1998.1)
  A.if only B.in case C.until D.unless
  ② Well visit Europe next year _____ we have enough money.(1999.1)
  A.lest B.until C.unless D.provided
  ③ ____ he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.(1998.1)
  A.As soon as B.As well as C.As far as D.So long as
  从以上考题来看,就条件状语从句而言,同学们应掌握以下几点:
  1) unless与其它连词的差别,unless表示的是If …not …的意思。
  2) if only或only if是一种强调的条件状语从句。根据if only 与unless肯定与否定条件的差别,可以判断①题答案为A.
  3) provided (that)表示唯一的条件,相当于if and only if,on condition that,如②表示“明年只要有钱,我们就去欧洲。”
  4) so/as long as表示条件时一般与其它类似短语一同考查,如③,四个短语都可以连接状语从句,但表达意思有别,考试的目的就是考查同学们对句子的理解能力。
  5) 另外注意,引导条件状语从句的还可以是suppose/supposing, in case, once等。
  4.让步状语从句的连词
  引导让步状语从句的连词很多,但结构差别比较大,比较容易掌握,同学们只要能掌握各连词的结构和语义特点,准确把握主从句的关系,让步状语从句则就不过是一块巧克力。先看一下下列各题:
  ① Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, ___________.
  A.however much it costs B.however does it cost much
  C.how much does it cost D.no matter how it costs (1996.6)
  ② ____, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.(2000.6)
  A.Although much he likes her B.Much although he likes her
  C.As he likes her much D.Much as he likes her
  ③ ____ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.(1999.1)
  A.Even if B.As far as C.If only D.So long as
  ④ ____ their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.(1998.1)
  A.But for B.For all C.Above all D.Except for
  从以上四级真题我们可以看到对让步状语从句的考查特点:一是让步状语从句与其它状语从句的对比,如③,另一种是让步状语从句连词自身的结构功能,如①②两题。下面我们就一起来看让步状语从句的连词功能:
  1) although/though连接让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,从句用直陈语序,与汉语的结构类似。
  2) as引导的让步状语从句要求用倒装结构,如②题。可提至句首的有名词、原形动词、副词、形容词等。可数名词单数形式不用冠词。如:
  Child as he is, he behaves like a grown-up.
  Fail as he did, he was not disappointed at all.
  Much as I tried, I failed to persuade him.
  3) No matter 疑问词和疑问词 ever引导让步状语从句,表示“不论谁”“不论什么时间/地点/方式”等等,从句用直陈语序。由此可以判断上面①题答案为A.
  4) For all表示让步时后面可以接从句,也可以接名词短语,后接名词时常与其它类似短语比较,如④。注意接从句:
  For all that he has a masters degree, I dont think he can outdo me in many aspects.
  5) 其它用来引导让步状语从句的还有whether …or, even if, even though,和“动词 疑问词 主语 情态动词”,如:
  Say what you will, he will turn a deaf year.So its better to keep silent.
  Doubt whom you may, you shouldnt doubt me.

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