2．关于疲倦困乏 He was doneup afterthe long ride． ALD He was knocked uP after the longsteen climb． _____ ALD He was almost fagged out． ______ ALD I’m completely exhausted．____LDCE I was spent with the fatigue of the voyage． 汉语说"累了"、"累垮了"极普通。如说由于某种原因而"累了"、"累垮了"，至少在结构上不用被动语态。这和第一类的例子是一致的。 3．关于喜悦、高兴 I was delighted to hear the news of your success．_____ALD We’re very pleased to see you here．_____ALD On hearing of the victory，the nation was transported with joy．_____ALD She was enchanted with the flowers you sent her． _____ALD The children were fascinated by the toys in the shopwindows．_____ ALD 汉语如说"被高兴"，将不成文理，说"使……高兴"或"为……高兴"，那也不能照英语被动语态去处理。事实上这头一句 话照汉语是"我高兴地听到……"这虽带点欧化，但目前也通行了。最常见的恐怕还是"听到……我高兴"。无论如何。汉语说"高兴"，不能如英语那样用被动语态。 4．关于阻塞、拖延： We’re been held up by fog． _____ ALD The mountain roads were obstructed by falls of rock．_____ALD The train was delayed two hours． _____ALD I was hindered from getting here．____ALD The harbour was blocked by ice．_____ALD 这第二句ALD英汉双解本译成"山路被落下石头所阻塞"。严格地说这句译文似乎欠流畅，尤其不能用于口语。当然，凡是阻力，总是外来的阻力，施于受事的主语，主语处于被动地位，但汉语不能采取英语的被动语态形式而完全不加变动。 5、关于习惯 He is quite used to hard work．____ALD This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to． _____ALD He is addicted to smoking． _____ALD The old soldier was inured to danger． ____LDCE He is given to long walks． _____LDCE 英语中有些动词，由于常用于被动语态，词典中对它们的分词（participle）形式另立专条著录，成为独立的词，其功能相当于形容词。以上例句中的动词就是典型的例子。例如，词典一般既有use这一专条（不定式动词），又有 used；既有 accustom，又有 accustomed；既有 give，又有given。但如inure及addict，在 ALD上只注明"常用于被动"（usu．passive），尚未另立inured和 addicted专条，其他词典也大体是这样，虽然addicted还可以作为形容词，看成是独立的词条。然而不管这些词是否带有形容词的性质，在上面的句子中却具有被动语态的作用。 6．关于苦恼、心烦意乱 He was annoyed to learn that the train would be delayed．____ALD She is easily upset emotionally．____ALD He was vexed at his failure． ____ ALD He was disturbed to hear of your illness．______ALD I felt harassed by all the work of the office．_____LDCE 苦恼等情绪当然是引起的，因此英语中的被动语态似乎说明了是由于什么引起的，但要注意第一句She is easily upset emotionally．不必指出原因。 7．关于惊讶或震惊 I was astonished to see him there． ____ALD I’m surprised he didn’t come．_____ALD He was shocked to hear his daughter swearing． _____ALD He was startled to see him looking so ill．_____ALD He was astounded when he heard he had won．_____ALD 一个正常的人无故不会大惊小怪。但是我们说"吃惊"、"大吃一惊"或"使……吃惊"和"使……大吃一惊"等也就够了，不 同于英语的被动表现形式。 8．关于围绕、包围 His land is fenced with barbed wire．____ALD Troy was besieged by the Greeks for ten years．_____ALD The troops were surrounded．_____ALD The cliffedge is dangerous and should be railed．_____LDCE Japan is compassed about by the ocean．____LDCE 对于以上第二句，第三句及第五句，汉语是可以用"被包围"这类说法的，但对第一句的"is fenced with，"如说"有篱笆围住"就行了，不一定要说"被用篱笆围住"。至于第四句中"should be railed"，英语的被动语态在汉语中也难以表达。我们通常说：应该用栏杆围起来"，或"应该把它用栏杆围起来"，而不是"应该被用栏杆围起来"。