MBA专业术语连载（十七）

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:06:26 12:17:53
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

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Sacrifice ratio 牺牲率
The number of percentage points of annual output that is lost in the process of reducing inflation by one percentage point

Scarcity 希缺性
The limited nature of societys resources

Shoeleather costs 皮鞋成本
The resources wasted when inflation encourages people to reduce their money holdings

Stagflation 滞胀
A period of falling output and rising prices

Stock 股票
A claim to partial ownership in a firm

Store of value 价值储藏
An item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future

Strike 罢工
The organized withdrawal of labor from a firm by a union

Substitutes 替代品
Two goods for which an increase in the price of one good leads to an increase in the demand for the other good

Substitution effect 替代效应
The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer along a given indifference curve to a point with a new marginal rate of substitution

Supply curve 供给曲线
A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied

Supply schedule 供给表
A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied

screening 筛选
the process of differentiating among job candidates, when there is incomplete information, to determine who will be the most productive

shadow price 影子价格
the true social value of a resource

signaling 信号
conveying information, for example by earning a college-degree, to persuade an employer that a prospective worker has desirable characteristics that will enhance his productivity

slope 斜率
the amount by which the value along the vertical axis increases as a result of a change in a unit along the horizontal axis. the slope is calculated by dividing the change in the vertical axis (the "rise") by the change in the horizontal axis (the "run")

Smiths "invisible hand" 斯密“看不见的手”
the idea that if people act in their own self-interest, they will often also be acting in a broader social interest, as if they had been directed by an "invisible hand"

smoothing consumption 均匀消费
consuming similar amounts in the present and future, rather than letting year-to-year income dictate consumption

social marginal cost 社会边际成本
the marginal cost of production, including the costs of any negative externality, such as air pollution, borne by individuals in the economy other than the producer

socialism 社会主义
an economic system in which the means of production are controlled by the state

soft budget constraints 软预算约束
budget constraints facing a firm in which the government subsidizes any losses

static expectations 静态预期
the belief of individuals that todays prices and wages are likely to continue into the future

sticky prices 粘性价格
prices that do not adjust or only adjust slowly toward a new equilibrium

sticky wages 粘性工资
wages that are slow to adjust in response to a change in labor market conditions

stock statistics 存量统计
measurements of the quantity of a certain item at a certain point in time, such as capital stock, the total value of buildings and machines

sunk cost 沉没成本
a cost that has been incurred and cannot be recovered

supply-constrained equilibrium 供给约束的均衡
the equilibrium that occurs when prices are stuck at a level below that at which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply. in a supply-constrained equilibrium, output is equal to aggregate supply but less than aggregate demand

surplus labor 剩余劳动
a great deal of unemployed or under employed labor, readily available to potential employers