精彩语法复习讲义(15)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:09:11 12:41:07
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

第十节 句法结构

一、名词性从句

1、名词性从句的构成及句法特点
主要包括主语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句和宾语从句。 其连接代词非为三类：
1）由that, whether, if和whoewver等引出的陈述句；
2）有what引出的疑问句；
3）有wh-等词引出的疑问句。第一类和第三类在引出主语从句时可以用形式主语it来代替。

2、主语从句
That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.地球围绕着太阳转是众所周知的事实。
(= It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun.)
Whether he will come to the meeting is up to his boss. (此时不能用if )他来不来参加会议取决于他的老板。
(= It is up to his boss whether he will come to the meeting.)
Whoever says so is a liar. 谁这样说使就在撒谎。
What you need in learning a foreign language well is repeated practice.学习外语你需要的是大量的练习。
What you have said is convincing. 你所说的令人信服。
Where we shall stay for the night is a problem. 我们在哪儿过夜是个问题。
(= It is a problem where we shall stay for the night.)
When and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held has been decided.2008年奥运会举行的时间和地点已经确定下来了。
(=It has been decided when and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held.)
How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.古埃及人是如何建造金字塔迷惑了多少代的人。
(= It puzzled people for centuries how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.)

3、表语从句
that引出的表语从句里，that可以省略；whether有时也可用来引出表语从句，而一般不用if，但as if却 可以。如：
My idea is (that) we need more hands. 我的看法是我们需要更多的人手。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
All this was over twenty years ago, but it seems as if it was only yesterday.所有这一切过去20多年了，但似乎刚刚是昨天发生的一样。

4、同位语从句：名词性从句考查的重点
同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词 that从句构成，引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。

The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy.
我们的足球队最终击败了朝鲜队的消息令球迷们欢喜若狂。
The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio. (比较－定语从句)
令球迷们欢喜若狂的消息是从收音机里播报的。
There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise.
有充足的证据证明该城市的犯罪率在上升。
Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.
爱因斯坦得出的结论是宇宙中最大速度是光速。

5、名词性从句的考点

-1-、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）