英语六级模拟试卷(29)--阅读4

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:09:18 12:02:37
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The first way we can approach language is as a phenomenon of the individual person. It is concerned with describing and explaining language as a matter of human behavior. People speak and write. they also evidently read and understand what they hear. They are not born doing so. they have to acquire these skills. Not everybody seems to develop them to the same degree. People may suffer accidents or diseases, which impair their performance. Language is thus seen as part of human psychology, a particular sort of behavior, the behavior, which has as its principal, function that of communication.

The trouble with the term “behavior” is that it is often taken to refer only to more or less overt, and describable, physical movements and acts. Yet part of language behavior-that of understanding spoken or written language, for example-has little or no physically observable signs. It is true we can sometimes infer that understanding has taken place by the changes that take place in the other person’s behavior. When someone has been prohibited from doing something, we may infer that he has understood the prohibition by observing that thereafter he never behaves in that way. We cannot, of course, be absolutely sure that his subsequent behavior is a result of his understanding. it might be due to a loss of interest or inclination. So behavior must be taken to include unobservable activity, often only to be inferred from other observable behavior.

Once we admit that the study of language behavior involves describing and explaining the unobservable, the situation becomes much more complicated, because we have to postulate some set of processes, some internal mechanism, which operates when we speak and understand. We have to postulate something we can call a mind. The study of language from this point of view can then be seen as a study of the specific properties, processes and states of the mind whose outward manifestations are observable behavior. what we have to know in order to perform linguistically.This approach to language, as a phenomenon of the individual, is thus principally concerned with explaining how we acquire language, and its relation to general human cognitive systems, and with the psychological mechanisms underlying the comprehension and production of speech. much less with the problem of what language is for, that is, its function as communication, since this necessarily involves more than a single individual. 

36.What is the best title for this passage?
A) Language as Means of Communication.
B) Language and Psychology.
C) Language and the Individual.
D) Language as a Social Phenomenon. 

37.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Language is often regarded as part of human psychology.
B) People develop language skills of different degrees as a result of different personal experiences.
C) Language is a special kind of psychological behavior that is born with an individual.
D) People learn to speak and write through imitation and training. 

38.What does the term “behavior” in the second paragraph especially refer to in this passage?
A) It refers to observable and physical movements and acts.
B) It refers to the part of language behavior that involves understanding or interpretation.
C) It refers to both the overt and the unobservable language behaviors in communicating.
D) It refers to acts of speaking and writing. 

39.What does “internal mechanism”(Line 3, Para. 3) mean?
A) Secret machine. B) Mental processes.C) Overt system. D) Mechanic operation. 

40.What can you infer from the passage?
A) Its individualistic approach to language is meant to study the psychological processes of language acquisition.
B) The individualistic approach to language is mainly concerned with how language functions in society.
C) The study of language is sure to involve more than a single individual.
D) Psychological approach to language is concerned with the comprehension and production of speech.


Passage Four
内容概要:本文介绍了作为个人现象的语言，可以被看作是对人类行为的描述和解释。人能说会道，但这些技能都是后天习得。语言是人类心理活动的一部分，它是一种特别的行为。“行为”一词多用来指在一定程度上外显的、可描述的身体活动或行动，但一部分语言行为却几乎没有或根本没有外显的标志。因此，语言行为应该包括非外显的活动在内。既然语言行为包括外显和非外显的行为，我们就得建立起某种内在机制，这种内在机制在我们说话或理解别人话语时起作用。
36.【答案】C。
【译文】根据短文得知，文章的标题是语言与个人。
【试题分析】主旨题。通过文章的主题句可以得知答案。
【详细解答】见开篇句：The first way we can approach language is as a phenomenon of the individual person和结尾段第一句：This approach to language, as a phenomenon of the individual...，这两个句子里都提到了language 和the individual，所以答案为C。 
37.【答案】C。
【译文】根据短文得知，语言是一种特殊的心理行为，是与生俱来的。
【试题分析】是非题。一误三正，通过选项对应文章中的细节可以得知答案。
【详细解答】见第一段里句子People speak and write. they also evidently read and understand what they hear. They are not born doing so (37C不对). they have to acquire these skills (37D对). Not everybody seems to develop them to the same degree（37B对）. People may suffer accidents or diseases, which impair their performance. Language is thus seen as part of human psychology (37A对), 所以答案为C。 
38.【答案】C。
【译文】根据短文得知，第二段里的behavior一词既指交际中外显的语言行为，又指非外显的语言行为。
【试题分析】词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。
【详细解答】见第二段第一、二句话：The trouble with the term “behavior” is that it is often taken to refer only to more or less overt, and describable, physical movements and acts. Yet part of language behavior that of understanding spoken or written language, for example has little or no physically observable signs. 所以答案为C。
39.【答案】B。
【译文】根据短文得知，internal mechanism指的是大脑对语言的加工。
【试题分析】词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。
【详细解答】见Para.3第一句because从句we have to postulate some set of processes, some internal mechanism, which operates when we speak and understand，some internal mechanism是对some set of processes的解释，所以答案为B。 
40.【答案】A。
【译文】根据短文得知，个人接触语言的方法指的是研究语言习得的心理过程。
【试题分析】推断题。通过选项回到文章中找相关的句子来推断，便可以得知答案。
【详细解答】见文章最后一段第一句： This approach to language, as a phenomenon of the individual, is thus principally concerned with explaining how we acquire language，所以答案为A。