2．减译法: 由于英汉两种语言在语法结构、表达方式以及修辞手段上的不同，有些词语或句子成分在英语中是必不可少的，但若搬到译文中去，就会影响译文的简洁和通顺。因此在英译汉的过程中，为了使译文更加简练，更符合汉语的表达习惯，需要省略一些可有可无或翻译后反嫌累赘的词语。
但必须注意，减译不是删掉原文中的某些内容，在不易减译的情况下，不要随便减。
1) 省略代词。如:
We are pleased to have received your invitation to the symposium on internet.非常高兴收到你寄来的参加互联网会议的邀请。（省略代词“我们”）
If the chain reaction went on without being checked, it could cause a terrible explosion. 如果连锁反应不加控制，就可能引起可怕的爆炸。（省略代词it, it在这里代表the chain reaction）
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。（原文中两处代词it均为形式宾语，）（真题示范）
It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered in three days.规定三天后发货。（it是形式主语，that是先行词）
2) 省略冠词。如:
The volume of a gas increase more quickly than that of a liquid. 气体体积增加的速度比液体快。
3) 省略连词。如:
When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.气压低，沸点就低。（连词when可以不译）
Henry had worked in a bank for years, and then he went to study in MIT. 亨利在一家银行工作了几年，然后去麻省理工大学学习去了。
4) 省略介词。如:
The distinction between light and pigment is important to color theory. 区别光和色对于色彩理论来说很重要。（between可以不译）
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historian and philosophers of science. 多年来，工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉，在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家忽视了。（真题示范）
Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。
The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. 石油供应可能随时被切断；不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，只需30年左右所有的油井都会枯竭。（真题示范）
5) 省略名词。如:
Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for May purchases has not yet been settled.也许你忘记了五月份的购货款还没有结算。（fact后面引导的是一个同位语从句，可以不译）
6) 省略动词。如:
There is no doubt that we’ll carry out the experiment successfully. 毫无疑问我们一定能把实验搞成功。（there is不翻译）
He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.他在回答采访者的问题时，很有礼貌。（behave不翻译）
Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. 伽里略最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球旋转。（真题示范）
3．转译法: 英语和汉语的结构是有很大区别的，在翻译过程中有些句子可以逐词翻译，但也有相当一部分句子不能按照英语的句子结构机械地翻译。在忠实于原文的前提下，原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，某些语法成分也需要作适当的调整，这样才能使汉语译文更通顺、更自然。如:
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用来探索宇宙。（application在原文中是名词，翻译成汉语时变成了动词。）
Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.电视和无线电的区别在于电视发送和接受的是图象。（different在原文中是形容词，翻译成汉语时变成了名词。）
Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human right, which is something the world does not have. 事实并非如此，因为这种问题是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。（副词译成名词）（真题示范）
The computers are chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.计算机的主要特点是准确性高，运算速度快。（chiefly在原文中是副词，翻译成汉语时变成了形容词。）
The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology. 当今世界科学技术正在迅速发展。（宾语science and technology翻译为主语，主语The modern world翻译为状语。）
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the are of moral choice.这类人持有极端的看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物考虑道德问题。（状语译成宾语）（真题示范）
4．分译法: 英语长句子比较多，汉语句子相对而言比较短。在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。
He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book, which the students are familiar with. 他花了很长时间介绍这本书，其实没有必要，因为学生们对它已经很熟悉了。
We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief. 我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。
It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security. 这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。
Other students of the brain, noting that disease and physical damage can change personally and distort the mind, believe the brain to be nothing more than a fantastically complex computer. 另外有一些科学家注意到疾病和身体损伤能够改变人的秉性，歪曲人的心灵。他们认为人脑仅仅是一个神奇复杂的计算机而已。（真题示范）
5. 合译法: 和分译法不同，合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起，使其更符合汉语的表达方法。如:
Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 他们说科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。（将英语的一个句子结构翻译成一个词组）
When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不是遭到嘲笑。（When that happens, it is not a mistake原来是两个句子，现在组合成一个简洁的汉语句子。）（真题示范）
6．反译法: 一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。
1) 否定译成肯定。如:
I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance. 每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。
There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。（双重否定）
Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens. 美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。（双重否定）（真题示范）
The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it. 到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民寄予的希望。
Under such times as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”. 除非人类 终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度，使地球能为所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。（真题示范）
2) 肯定译成否定。如:
Everyone has the right to be free from hunger. 人人有不挨饿的权利。
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。（真题示范）
Mean are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. 男人们很聪明，他们不会上时装设计者们的当。（将肯定句翻译成否定句）
He showed unfeigned satisfaction at his friend’s success. 他对朋友的成功表现出真正的满足。
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。（真题示范）
The conclusion we reached in Britain is that change simply cannot sensibly be put off. 我们英国人得出的结论是，改革是大势所趋。（be put off是被动语态，如果译成“不能合乎情理地被推迟”，汉语显得别扭，所以采用反译的方法。）