中国共产党章程英汉对照

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2011:07:04 02:20:43
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　第一章　党员
　　第一条　年满十八岁的中国工人、农民、军人、知识分子和其他社会阶层的先进分子，承认党的纲领和章程，愿意参加党的一个组织并在其中积极工作、执行党的决议和按期交纳党费的，可以申请加入中国共产党。
　　第二条　中国共产党党员是中国工人阶级的有共产主义觉悟的先锋战士。
　　中国共产党党员必须全心全意为人民服务，不惜牺牲个人的一切，为实现共产主义奋斗终身。
　　中国共产党党员永远是劳动人民的普通一员。除了法律和政策规定范围内的个人利益和工作职权以外，所有共产党员都不得谋求任何私利和特权。
　　第三条　党员必须履行下列义务：
　　（一）认真学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想，学习科学发展观，学习党的路线、方针、政策和决议，学习党的基本知识，学习科学、文化、法律和业务知识，努力提高为人民服务的本领。
　　（二）贯彻执行党的基本路线和各项方针、政策，带头参加改革开放和社会主义现代化建设，带动群众为经济发展和社会进步艰苦奋斗，在生产、工作、学习和社会生活中起先锋模范作用。
　　（三）坚持党和人民的利益高于一切，个人利益服从党和人民的利益，吃苦在前，享受在后，克己奉公，多做贡献。
　　（四）自觉遵守党的纪律，模范遵守国家的法律法规，严格保守党和国家的秘密，执行党的决定，服从组织分配，积极完成党的任务。
　　（五）维护党的团结和统一，对党忠诚老实，言行一致，坚决反对一切派别组织和小集团活动，反对阳奉阴违的两面派行为和一切阴谋诡计。
　　（六）切实开展批评和自我批评，勇于揭露和纠正工作中的缺点、错误，坚决同消极腐败现象作斗争。
　　（七）密切联系群众，向群众宣传党的主张，遇事同群众商量，及时向党反映群众的意见和要求，维护群众的正当利益。
　　（八）发扬社会主义新风尚，带头实践社会主义荣辱观，提倡共产主义道德，为了保护国家和人民的利益，在一切困难和危险的时刻挺身而出，英勇斗争，不怕牺牲。
　　第四条　党员享有下列权利：
　　（一）参加党的有关会议，阅读党的有关文件，接受党的教育和培训。
　　（二）在党的会议上和党报党刊上，参加关于党的政策问题的讨论。
　　（三）对党的工作提出建议和倡议。
　　（四）在党的会议上有根据地批评党的任何组织和任何党员，向党负责地揭发、检举党的任何组织和任何党员违法乱纪的事实，要求处分违法乱纪的党员，要求罢免或撤换不称职的干部。
　　（五）行使表决权、选举权，有被选举权。
　　（六）在党组织讨论决定对党员的党纪处分或作出鉴定时，本人有权参加和进行申辩，其他党员可以为他作证和辩护。
　　（七）对党的决议和政策如有不同意见，在坚决执行的前提下，可以声明保留，并且可以把自己的意见向党的上级组织直至中央提出。
　　（八）向党的上级组织直至中央提出请求、申诉和控告，并要求有关组织给以负责的答复。
　　党的任何一级组织直至中央都无权剥夺党员的上述权利。
　　第五条　发展党员，必须经过党的支部，坚持个别吸收的原则。
　　申请入党的人，要填写入党志愿书，要有两名正式党员作介绍人，要经过支部大会通过和上级党组织批准，并且经过预备期的考察，才能成为正式党员。
　　介绍人要认真了解申请人的思想、品质、经历和工作表现，向他解释党的纲领和党的章程，说明党员的条件、义务和权利，并向党组织作出负责的报告。
　　党的支部委员会对申请入党的人，要注意征求党内外有关群众的意见，进行严格的审查，认为合格后再提交支部大会讨论。
　　上级党组织在批准申请人入党以前，要派人同他谈话，作进一步的了解，并帮助他提高对党的认识。
　　在特殊情况下，党的中央和省、自治区、直辖市委员会可以直接接收党员。
　　第六条　预备党员必须面向党旗进行入党宣誓。誓词如下：我志愿加入中国共产党，拥护党的纲领，遵守党的章程，履行党员义务，执行党的决定，严守党的纪律，保守党的秘密，对党忠诚，积极工作，为共产主义奋斗终身，随时准备为党和人民牺牲一切，永不叛党。
　　第七条　预备党员的预备期为一年。党组织对预备党员应当认真教育和考察。
　　预备党员的义务同正式党员一样。预备党员的权利，除了没有表决权、选举权和被选举权以外，也同正式党员一样。
　　预备党员预备期满，党的支部应当及时讨论他能否转为正式党员。认真履行党员义务，具备党员条件的，应当按期转为正式党员；需要继续考察和教育的，可以延长预备期，但不能超过一年；不履行党员义务，不具备党员条件的，应当取消预备党员资格。预备党员转为正式党员，或延长预备期，或取消预备党员资格，都应当经支部大会讨论通过和上级党组织批准。
　　预备党员的预备期，从支部大会通过他为预备党员之日算起。党员的党龄，从预备期满转为正式党员之日算起。
　　第八条　每个党员，不论职务高低，都必须编入党的一个支部、小组或其他特定组织，参加党的组织生活，接受党内外群众的监督。党员领导干部还必须参加党委、党组的民主生活会。不允许有任何不参加党的组织生活、不接受党内外群众监督的特殊党员。
　　第九条　党员有退党的自由。党员要求退党，应当经支部大会讨论后宣布除名，并报上级党组织备案。
　　党员缺乏革命意志，不履行党员义务，不符合党员条件，党的支部应当对他进行教育，要求他限期改正；经教育仍无转变的，应当劝他退党。劝党员退党，应当经支部大会讨论决定，并报上级党组织批准。如被劝告退党的党员坚持不退，应当提交支部大会讨论，决定把他除名，并报上级党组织批准。
　　党员如果没有正当理由，连续六个月不参加党的组织生活，或不交纳党费，或不做党所分配的工作，就被认为是自行脱党。支部大会应当决定把这样的党员除名，并报上级党组织批准。
　　Chapter II
　　The Party’s Organizational System
　　Article 10. The Party is an integral body organized under its program and Constitution and on the basis of democratic centralism. The Party’s basic principles of democratic centralism are as follows:
　　1) Individual Party members are subordinate to the Party organization, the minority is subordinate to the majority, the lower Party organizations are subordinate to the higher Party organizations, and all the constituent organizations and members of the Party are subordinate to the National Congress and the Central Committee of the Party.
　　2) The Party’s leading bodies at all levels are elected except for the representative organs dispatched by them and the leading Party members’ groups in non-Party organizations.
　　3) The highest leading body of the Party is the National Congress and the Central Committee elected by it. The leading bodies of local Party organizations are the Party congresses at their respective levels and the Party committees elected by them. Party committees are responsible, and report their work, to the Party congresses at their respective levels.
　　4) Higher Party organizations shall pay constant attention to the views of lower organizations and the rank-and-file Party members, and solve in good time the problems they raise. Lower Party organizations shall report on their work to, and request instructions from, higher Party organizations. at the same time, they shall handle, independently and in a responsible manner, matters within their jurisdiction. Higher and lower Party organizations should exchange information and support and oversee each other. Party organizations at all levels should increase transparency in Party affairs in accordance with regulations to keep Party members better informed of these affairs and to provide them with more opportunities to participate in them.
　　5) Party committees at all levels function on the principle of combining collective leadership with individual responsibility based on division of work. All major issues shall be decided upon by the Party committees after discussion in accordance with the principle of collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations and decision by meetings. The members of the Party committees should earnestly exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the collective decisions taken and division of work.
　　6) The Party forbids all forms of personality cult. It is necessary to ensure that the activities of the Party leaders are subject to oversight by the Party and the people, and at the same time to uphold the prestige of all the leaders who represent the interests of the Party and the people.
　　Article 11. The election of delegates to Party congresses and of members of Party committees at all levels should reflect the will of the voters. Elections shall be held by secret ballot. The lists of candidates shall be submitted to the Party organizations and voters for full deliberation and discussion. The election procedure in which the number of candidates nominated is greater than the number of persons to be elected may be used directly in a formal election or this procedure may be used first in a preliminary election in order to draw up a list of candidates for the formal election. The voters have the right to inquire about the candidates, demand a change or reject one in favor of another. No organization or individual shall in any way compel voters to elect or not to elect any candidate.
　　If any violation of the Party Constitution occurs in the election of delegates to local Party congresses at all levels or to Party congresses at the primary level, the Party committee at the next higher level, after investigation and verification, should decide to declare the election invalid and take appropriate measures. The decision shall be reported to the Party committee at the next higher level for checking and approval before it is formally announced and implemented.
　　A tenure system is adopted for delegates to Party congresses at all levels.
　　Article 12. When necessary, the Central Committee of the Party and the local Party committees at all levels will convene conferences of delegates to discuss and decide on major problems that require timely solution. The number of delegates to such conferences and the procedure governing their election shall be determined by the Party committees convening them.
　　Article 13. The formation of a new Party organization or the dissolution of an existing one shall be decided upon by the higher Party organization.
　　When the congress of a local Party organization at any level or the congress of a Party organization at the primary level is not in session, the next higher Party organization may, when it deems it necessary, transfer or appoint responsible members of that organization.
　　The Party’s Central Committee and local Party committees at all levels may send out their representative organs.
　　The Party’s Central Committee and committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government implement the system of inspection tours.
　　Article 14. When making decisions on important questions affecting the lower organizations, the leading bodies of the Party at all levels should, under normal circumstances, solicit opinions of the lower organizations. Measures should be taken to ensure that the lower organizations can exercise their functions and powers normally. Except in special circumstances, higher leading bodies should not interfere with matters that ought to be handled by lower organizations.
　　Article 15. Only the Central Committee of the Party has the power to make decisions on major policies of a nationwide character. Party organizations of various departments and localities may make suggestions with regard to such policies to the Central Committee, but shall not make any decisions or publicize their views outside the Party without authorization.
　　Lower Party organizations must firmly implement the decisions of higher Party organizations. If lower organizations consider that any decisions of higher organizations do not suit the specific conditions in their localities or departments, they may demand modification. If the higher organizations insist on their original decisions, the lower organizations must carry out such decisions and refrain from publicly voicing their differences, but retain the right to report to the next higher Party organization.
　　Newspapers, journals and other means of publicity run by Party organizations at all levels must disseminate the line, principles, policies and resolutions of the Party.
　　Article 16. When discussing and making decisions on any matter, Party organizations must keep to the principle of subordination of the minority to the majority. A vote must be taken when major issues are decided on. Serious consideration should be given to the differing views of a minority. In case of controversy over major issues in which supporters of the two opposing views are nearly equal in number, except in emergencies where action must betaken in accordance with the majority view, the decision should be put off to allow for further investigation, study and exchange of opinions followed by another vote. Under special circumstances, the controversy may be reported to the next higher Party organization for a ruling.
　　When, on behalf of the Party organization, an individual Party member is to express views on major issues beyond the scope of the existing decisions of the Party organization, the content must be referred to the Party organization for prior discussion and decision, or referred to the next higher Party organization for instructions. No Party member, whatever his or her position, is allowed to make decisions on major issues on his or her own. In an emergency, when a decision by an individual is unavoidable, the matter must be reported to the Party organization immediately afterwards. No leader is allowed to take decisions arbitrarily or to place himself or herself above the Party organization.
　　Article 17. The central, local and primary organizations of the Party must all pay great attention to Party building. They shall regularly discuss and examine the Party’s work in publicity, education, organization and discipline inspection, its mass work and united front work. They must carefully study ideological and political developments inside and outside the Party
　　第二章　党的组织制度
　　第十条　党是根据自己的纲领和章程，按照民主集中制组织起来的统一整体。党的民主集中制的基本原则是：
　　（一）党员个人服从党的组织，少数服从多数，下级组织服从上级组织，全党各个组织和全体党员服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会。
　　（二）党的各级领导机关，除它们派出的代表机关和在非党组织中的党组外，都由选举产生。
　　（三）党的最高领导机关，是党的全国代表大会和它所产生的中央委员会。党的地方各级领导机关，是党的地方各级代表大会和它们所产生的委员会。党的各级委员会向同级的代表大会负责并报告工作。
　　（四）党的上级组织要经常听取下级组织和党员群众的意见，及时解决他们提出的问题。党的下级组织既要向上级组织请示和报告工作，又要独立负责地解决自己职责范围内的问题。上下级组织之间要互通情报、互相支持和互相监督。党的各级组织要按规定实行党务公开，使党员对党内事务有更多的了解和参与。
　　（五）党的各级委员会实行集体领导和个人分工负责相结合的制度。凡属重大问题都要按照集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定的原则，由党的委员会集体讨论，作出决定；委员会成员要根据集体的决定和分工，切实履行自己的职责。
　　（六）党禁止任何形式的个人崇拜。要保证党的领导人的活动处于党和人民的监督之下，同时维护一切代表党和人民利益的领导人的威信。
　　第十一条　党的各级代表大会的代表和委员会的产生，要体现选举人的意志。选举采用无记名投票的方式。候选人名单要由党组织和选举人充分酝酿讨论。可以直接采用候选人数多于应选人数的差额选举办法进行正式选举。也可以先采用差额选举办法进行预选，产生候选人名单，然后进行正式选举。选举人有了解候选人情况、要求改变候选人、不选任何一个候选人和另选他人的权利。任何组织和个人不得以任何方式强迫选举人选举或不选举某个人。
　　党的地方各级代表大会和基层代表大会的选举，如果发生违反党章的情况，上一级党的委员会在调查核实后，应作出选举无效和采取相应措施的决定，并报再上一级党的委员会审查批准，正式宣布执行。
　　党的各级代表大会代表实行任期制。
　　第十二条　党的中央和地方各级委员会在必要时召集代表会议，讨论和决定需要及时解决的重大问题。代表会议代表的名额和产生办法，由召集代表会议的委员会决定。
　　第十三条　凡是成立党的新组织，或是撤销党的原有组织，必须由上级党组织决定。
　　在党的地方各级代表大会和基层代表大会闭会期间，上级党的组织认为有必要时，可以调动或者指派下级党组织的负责人。
　　党的中央和地方各级委员会可以派出代表机关。
　　党的中央和省、自治区、直辖市委员会实行巡视制度。
　　第十四条　党的各级领导机关，对同下级组织有关的重要问题作出决定时，在通常情况下，要征求下级组织的意见。要保证下级组织能够正常行使他们的职权。凡属应由下级组织处理的问题，如无特殊情况，上级领导机关不要干预。
　　第十五条　有关全国性的重大政策问题，只有党中央有权作出决定，各部门、各地方的党组织可以向中央提出建议，但不得擅自作出决定和对外发表主张。
　　党的下级组织必须坚决执行上级组织的决定。下级组织如果认为上级组织的决定不符合本地区、本部门的实际情况，可以请求改变；如果上级组织坚持原决定，下级组织必须执行，并不得公开发表不同意见，但有权向再上一级组织报告。
　　党的各级组织的报刊和其他宣传工具，必须宣传党的路线、方针、政策和决议。
　　第十六条　党组织讨论决定问题，必须执行少数服从多数的原则。决定重要问题，要进行表决。对于少数人的不同意见，应当认真考虑。如对重要问题发生争论，双方人数接近，除了在紧急情况下必须按多数意见执行外，应当暂缓作出决定，进一步调查研究，交换意见，下次再表决；在特殊情况下，也可将争论情况向上级组织报告，请求裁决。
　　党员个人代表党组织发表重要主张，如果超出党组织已有决定的范围，必须提交所在的党组织讨论决定，或向上级党组织请示。任何党员不论职务高低，都不能个人决定重大问题；如遇紧急情况，必须由个人作出决定时，事后要迅速向党组织报告。不允许任何领导人实行个人专断和把个人凌驾于组织之上。
　　第十七条　党的中央、地方和基层组织，都必须重视党的建设，经常讨论和检查党的宣传工作、教育工作、组织工作、纪律检查工作、群众工作、统一战线工作等，注意研究党内外的思想政治状况。

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