双语：党的执政理念及其演变

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2011:07:04 02:20:47
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　党的执政理念及其演变
　　如何在党的执政理念一直在发展在不同的历史时期
　　7月1日将是第86周年之际成立的中国共产党（ CPC ）和即将举行的第17次全国代表大会的党使它特别。中共全国代表大会和它所通过的政策通常是里程碑式的党的发展和发挥深远的影响中国的发展。在即将迎来党的86岁生日，北京周报采访章融沈，教授党校党中央，如何党的执政概念的演变，通过不同的历史时期。
　　北京周报：什么是重大任务后立即共产党成立？
　　章融陈：成立党在1921年7月，直接影响了十月革命在俄罗斯于1917年。但是，共产党成立的具体需要，中国革命形势。
　　在第一次1840年鸦片战争，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建国家。然后中华民族面临着两大历史性课题追求国家独立和人民解放，建立一个强大的国家，小康人。实现这两大历史性课题，开始了一个彻底的反帝，反封建革命。
　　要求人民创立了一个党工人阶级领导的，以指导中国反帝，反封建革命。民主革命成立后，中共完成了这些反帝国主义和反封建的任务，取得了民族独立和人民解放。这意味着，执政地位的共产党历史上不可避免的，并且符合的利益和要求市民。
　　是什么原理和概念的执政共产党成立后，在中华人民共和国的中国在1949年？
　　由于第一天成立中共采取了“全心全意为人民服务”为原则，这已经写入了党章。 1944年，毛泽东在会上作了题为“全心全意为人民服务” ，他在声明中说， “我们的共产党和八路军和新四军领导的军队是我们党营的革命。这些营我们完全致力于为人民解放和工作完全是在人民的利益。 “这不仅是指导原则，而且对军队党的指导原则。
　　与成立中华人民共和国的中国对1949年10月1日，党的原则，为人民服务已成为其指导原则。
　　第二次全体会议期间的党的七届中央委员会召开的1949年3月通过的新条例，禁止生日庆祝活动的中共领导人，沮丧提议祝酒词，并给予掌声，以党的领导人，禁止命名的地方，街道或企业后，党的高层领导人和禁止任何缔约方领导人与马克思，恩格斯，列宁和斯大林。
　　当会议决定将总部从党中央在河北省西柏坡到北京，毛泽东作了著名的讲话， “我们将首都考试。我希望我们大家都可以通过它，而不是使犯同样的错误作为黎资盛。 “ （李率领农民起义在明末（ 1368年至1644年） 。 1644年他的军队占领北京，最后明皇帝被迫挂起自己的耻辱。然而，由于李的腐败方式，他的胜利是短命的。 ）毛泽东的意见是要求全党保持谦虚，谨慎，不受傲慢和鲁莽的作风，保持艰苦朴素作风和辛勤工作。
　　有什么特色的党而言，它承担的任务及其理论的发展，直接后，实行改革开放政策？
　　混沌文化大革命（ 1966年至1976年）造成的停滞，中国的社会主义发展。的有害影响，包括成堆的委屈和错案，破坏党和政府组织，瘫痪的经济建设和紧张的外交关系。在转折点党的发展和国家的发展，中共中央，由邓小平，决定走出一条新路子，承认自己的错误，并确认其取得的成就。
　　8月18日， 1980年，邓小平发表了重要讲话关于改革党的组织系统的一次会议上的中共中央政治局委员会。他指出，党的错误的更多的是不完善的组织制度和结构比领导人的个人错误观念。邓小平强调指出，解决所有问题的党取决于建立一个运作结构。
　　什么是最近的事态发展党的执政理念以来第十六次全国代表大会党在2002年？
　　四中全会后，党的十三届中央委员会于1989年，党的第三代领导集体形成了以江泽民同志为核心，并建立了一系列新的理论，党的发展在新的条件下建设社会主义市场经济中中国。一个重要的理论是“三个代表”解释目前中共主张。共产党代表了发展趋势的先进生产力的方向和先进文化的根本利益，绝大多数中国人民的。
　　在第十六次全国代表大会党在2002年，它提出了新的指导原则“科学和民主的规则和规则按照国际法。 ”
　　决定，四中全会的中共十六届中央委员会在2004年说，党必须始终行使执政权力，科学，民主和守法的方式，不断提高其领导能力和执政方式.全党应完全行为的概念， “三个代表” ，跟上时代的步伐，带领全国各族人民团体，以建设小康社会的全面发展。
　　这是第一次在党的55年执政，它提出了科学，民主和法治的招标治理为目标，以提高党的执政能力良好。
　　有哪些显着的特点，党的理论，因为十六大共产党？
　　最突出的特点是创新。自第十六次全国代表大会党，目前的领导提出了许多创新性的管理理论，这是新的成果，马克思主义在中国发展。这些新的理论，包括以人为本的方针，科学发展观，和谐社会，社会主义新农村，创新型国家，社会主义概念的荣辱，一个和谐的世界，保持党的先进性作为以及提高其管理能力。这些理论具有深远的指导意义的宏伟事业社会主义社会建设有中国特色。
　　CPC’s Governing Concept And Its Evolution
　　How the Party’s governing concept has been evolving in the different historic periods
　　July 1 will be the 86th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the upcoming 17th National Congress of the Party makes it a special one. The CPC National Congress and the policies adopted by it are usually milestones in the Party’s development and exert profound influence on China’s development. On the eve of the Party’s 86th birthday, Beijing Review interviewed Zhang Rongchen, a professor with the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, about how the Party’s governing concept has evolved through different historic periods.
　　Beijing Review: What was the major task for the CPC immediately after its founding?
　　Zhang Rongchen: The founding of the CPC in July 1921 was directly influenced by the October Revolution in Russia in 1917. However, the CPC was founded for the specific needs of the Chinese revolutionary situation.
　　After the First Opium War in 1840, China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. Then Chinese people faced two historic tasks of pursuing national independence and liberation and building a strong country with well-off people. The fulfillment of these two historical tasks had to start with a thorough anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism revolution.
　　The people demanded the founding of a Party led by the working class to guide a Chinese anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism revolution. The democratic revolution after the founding of the CPC fulfilled these anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism tasks and achieved national independence and liberation. This meant that the governing status of the CPC was historically inevitable and in line with the interests and demands of the public.
　　What was the principle and governing concept of the CPC after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949?
　　Since the first day of its founding the CPC has taken "serving the people wholeheartedly" as its principle, which has been written into the Party Constitution. In 1944, Mao Zedong made a speech entitled "Serving the People Wholeheartedly," in which he said, "Our Communist Party and the Eighth Route and New Fourth Armies led by our Party are battalions of the revolution. These battalions of ours are wholly dedicated to the liberation of the people and work entirely in the people’s interests." This is not only the guiding principle for the army but also the CPC’s guiding principle.
　　With the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the Party’s principle of serving the people has become its governing principle.
　　The Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee convened in March 1949 passed new regulations, forbidding birthday celebrations for CPC leaders, discouraging proposing toasts and giving applause to Party leaders, forbidding naming places, streets or enterprises after Party leaders and forbidding ranking any Party leader with Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.
　　When the conference decided to move the headquarters of the CPC Central Committee from Xibaipo in Hebei Province to Beijing, Mao made the famous remarks, "We are going to the capital city for an examination. I hope we can all pass it, and not make the same mistake as Li Zicheng." (Li led a peasant uprising during the late Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). In 1644 his army captured Beijing, and the last Ming Emperor was compelled to hang himself in shame. However, due to Li’s corrupt ways, his victory was short lived.) Mao’s remark was calling on the whole Party to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in its style of work and to preserve the style of plain living and hard work.
　　What were the characteristics of the Party, in terms of the tasks it undertook and its theoretical development, directly after it initiated the reform and opening-up policy?
　　The chaotic Cultural Revolution (1966-76) caused stagnation of China’s socialist development. The harmful repercussions included piles of wronged and misjudged cases, destroyed Party and government organizations, paralyzed economic construction and strained foreign relationships. At the turning point of the Party’s development and the country’s development, the CPC, led by Deng Xiaoping, decided to blaze a new trail by acknowledging its mistakes and confirming its achievements.
　　On August 18, 1980, Deng made an important speech on reforming the Party’s organizational system at a conference of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee. He pointed out the Party’s mistakes had more to do with imperfect organizational schemes and structure than leaders’ personal mistaken perceptions. Deng emphasized that the solution to all problems within the Party depended on the establishment of a functioning structure.
　　What are the latest developments of the Party’s governing concepts since the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002?
　　After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee in 1989, the CPC’s third-generation leadership took shape with Jiang Zemin at the core and created a series of new theories about the Party development in the new condition of building a socialist market economy in China. An important theory is "Three Represents," which explains what the CPC currently stands for. The CPC represents the development trends of advanced productive forces, the orientations of an advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people of China.
　　After the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002, it put forward new governing principles of "scientific and democratic rule and rule in accordance with law."
　　A decision at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee in 2004 said the Party must always exercise its governing power in a scientific, democratic and law-abiding manner, and constantly improve its leadership skills and ways of governance. the whole Party should fully act on the concept of "Three Represents," keep pace with the times and lead Chinese people of all ethnic groups to build a well-off society in an all-round way.
　　This was the first time in the Party’s 55 years in power that it had put forward scientific, democratic and law-bidding governance as its goal in order to enhance the Party’s ability to govern well.
　　What have been the notable characteristics of the Party’s theories since the 16th National Congress of the CPC?
　　The most outstanding feature is innovation. Since the 16th National Congress of the CPC, the current leadership has put forward many innovative governance theories, which are the new fruit of Marxism’s evolution in China. These new theories include a people-oriented approach, the concept of scientific development, a harmonious society, a new socialist countryside, an innovation-oriented country, a socialist concept of honor and disgrace, a harmonious world, and maintaining the Party’s advanced nature as well as enhancing its governance capacity. These theories have profound guiding significance for the grand cause of building a socialist society with Chinese characteristics.

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